Critically discuss the ethical arguments for and against the Essay

Critically discuss the ethical arguments for and against the legalisation of euthanasia - Essay Example Genetic views strongly believe that life starts at fertilization stage whereas embryological views argue that life begins at the point of gestation (Gilbert, 2011; Blazer & Zimmer, 2005, pp. 1 – 20). As compared to genetic and embryological views, some people argue that life begins at birth (ibid). Regardless of how life starts, health care professionals are trained to conserve human lives by alleviating their suffering whenever they are terminally ill. As much as possible, medical care professionals should prolong the lives of the patients unless there is an advance order stating that the patient instructed a â€Å"do not resuscitate† (DNR) decision together with the patient’s signature (Salmasy, Sood, & Ury, 2008). Death is the end part of the life cycle which nobody can avoid. Aside from a combination of pain, depression, and psychological disturbances, the fact that the economic cost of medical intervention for terminally ill patients is very expensive for mo st people with average income increases the number of cases wherein a terminally ill patient would seek for medical assistance to end their lives at the soonest possible time. Euthanasia is all about â€Å"intentional killing of a dependent human being, by act or omission, for the patient’s alleged legal benefits† (Ciabal, 2003, p. 129). ... euthanasia is considered as â€Å"good death† since this option allows a terminally ill patient to live the last few minutes of their lives more comfortable (ibid). Focusing on ethical cases whereby terminally ill patients are seeking for euthanasia, this report will discuss whether or not a terminally ill patient has the right to refuse medical treatment. In reference to the sanctity of life and quality of life perspective, this report will discuss why life should be prioritized more than death. As part of going through the main discussion, whether or not the patients have the right to request for an ineffective medical treatment will be answered together with the clinicians’ obligations to meet the patients’ request. After discussing the significance of advance directives in terminating the lives of terminally ill patients, some barriers that could prevent the patients from writing an advance directive will be identified and tackled in details. The Right of a T erminally Ill Patient to Refuse Medical Treatment Under the informed consent guidelines, the doctors and nurses should properly inform the patients about the main purpose, advantages, and disadvantages of each prescribed drug and other medical care intervention such as the use of life-sustaining treatment like tube feeding devices, mechanical breathing ventilation and dialysis machines, and/or diagnosing devices like x-ray and CT scan (Kaufmann & Ruhli, 2010; Ganzini et al., 2003). On top of this, each medical care professional is also required to respect and observe the patient’s autonomy by allowing them to make their personal decision when it comes to selecting the care and medical treatment they prefer (Walker, 2009; Stirrat & Gill, 2005). Given that each patient has the right to accept or not to

Shares and Joint Stock Companies in the New Economic Model Essay Example for Free

Shares and Joint Stock Companies in the New Economic Model Essay Introduction Good morning, dear colleagues. I’m glad to see everyone here. Thank you for your coming. Let me start by introducing myself. My name is Elena Torlopova. I’m a freshman of the State University of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. I study at the department of the international economic relations. My aim for today’s presentation is to give you information about Shares and Joint Stock Companies in the New Economic Model I plan to be brief. My presentation will last only 5 minutes. As you can see, my presentation is divided into 3 main parts. At first I would like to give you the basic concepts and characteristics of joint-stock companies. Then I would like to take a look at benefits and lacks of joint stock companies. Lastly we are going to discuss the definition of blue chips and consider a situation where they are used. Please interrupt me if there is something which needs clarifying, otherwise there will be time for your questions at the end of my talk. The main information about joint stock companies Joint-stock company (JSC) is a company, the authorised capital of which is divided into a certain number of shares owned by shareholders. Shareholders bear no responsibility for its obligations and run the risk, within the value of shares belonging to them, of losses associated with the companys activity. A joint-stock company in which shares can be  traded freely and which may have unlimited number of shareholders is an open joint-stock company. A joint-stock company which shareholders have a pre-emptive right to buy shares sold by other shareholders is a closed joint-stock company. Such a company has no right to hold a public subscription to its shares or for that matter offer them for sale to the general public. Advantages and disadvantages of joint stock companies The company provides so many advantages that it is widely popular all over the world. The main advantages are: Huge resources A company can raise large amount of resources from the genera public by issuing shares. Limited liability The liability of the shareholders is limited to the extent of the face value of the shares held by them or guarantee given by them. Diffused risk The entire business risk of a company is distributed over a large number of shareholders. Thus, the risk is reduced for each shareholder. Despite the above advantages, the company form of organisation also suffers from certain demerits. Oligarchic management It is controlled by a small group of Board of Directors who hardly protect the interest of other shareholders. Lack of secrecy It is very difficult to maintain business secrecy in a company because of every business strategy is discussed in the meeting of the Board of Directors and the annual accounts are published and compliance to Government. Fraudulent management The directors and managers may function for their personal gain overlooking the interest of the company. â€Å"Blue chips† Blue chip stock constitute shares or securities of large reliable companies with stable indices derived from income and dividends paid. In essence, the term blue chip is employed in the stock markets by analogy to describe the actions of well-established entities. The term was coined by Oliver Gingold of Dow Jones Company in 1923. It is reported that  the term was born when Gingold was taking note of several businesses with shares priced at $ 200 per share or more. And went on to indicate intentions of writing an article about the blue chips. Thus the term was born. Typically, blue chips are indicators of the overall market. Blue chip shares are the most liquid securities market. The list of blue chip stock changes periodically, but there are always those that manage to stay on top for years. Examples of the western blue-chip companies are Apple, IBM, The Coca-Cola Company, Ford, Google, etc. In Russia blue chips occur mainly in the oil, gas, energy and telecommunications companies. In particular, the blue chips include such companies as Gazprom, Lukoil, Norilsk Nickel, Rosneft, Sberbank, Rostelecom, RusHydro, Polyus Gold, etc. These companies typically have leading positions in the RTS and MICEX. As you can see on the pie chart 15 percent of blue chips belong to Gazprom. It means that Gazprom shares are the most liquid in terms of sales and account for 15 percent of the total trading volume on the market. The second largest sales shares owned by Lukoil. They constitute 14, 02% of total trading in the market. Sberbank is the third after a Gazprom and Lukoil amounts to 13.88% of sales of its shares on the market. Norilsk Nickel and Rosneft makes 7.56% and 7% of sales in the market, respectively. And finally Surgutneftegas and VTB Bank constitute 4,82% and 4,28% of sales in the market. Thus the total weight of seven securities in the index is 67%, which implies that it is these securities provide direction and determine the dynamics of the Russian market as a whole. Conclusions We gave the definition of the concept of joint-stock company and it basic characteristics. Then we looked at the advantages and disadvantages of joint stock companies. And in the end we discussed the stock market, and specifically the blue chips and looked at the dynamics of the sales of seven major blue chips Russia. So, in conclusion I would like to say that joint-stock form of entrepreneurship plays an important role in the formation of normal conditions of operation of enterprises, allows shareholders to raise funds for its activities, and each worker can become the owner of the company, through acquisition of shares, each shareholder reduces the risk of losing a significant amount of money (each at risk only to the extent of its sum shares) allows you to work more efficiently, since  all are interested in making profits and dividends It should be emphasize once again that the joint stock company is a unique form of collective ownership of the implementation, where everybody i nterested in the results of its operations. Bibliography * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint-stock_company * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_chip_(stock_market) * http://www.bukisa.com/articles/444625_basic-overview-of-blue-chip-stock

Affirmative Action :: social issues

Affirmative Action Affirmative action was orginally designed to help minorities, but women-especially white women-have made the greatest gains as a result of these programs†(Gross, 1996). Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. Many people define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quote-based system for different minority groups. I agree and support affirmative actions in that individual’s should be treated equally. I feel affirmative action as an assurance that the best qualified person will receive the job. Is affirmative action fair? In 1974, a woman named Rose was truned down for a supervisory job in favor of a male. She was told that she was the most qualified person, but the position was going to be filled by a man, because he had a family to support. Five years before that, when Rose was about to fill an entry-level position in banking, a personnel officer outlined the woman’s pay scale, which was $25 to $50 month less than what men were being payed for the same position. Rose was furious because she felt this was descriminating to her. She confronted the personnel officer and he saw nothing wrong with it. Thanks to affirmative action today things like these situations are becoming more rare and/or corrected more quickly. Affirmative action has definately helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has yet to succed in the goal of equality to the fullest for the business world to woment and minorities. â€Å"Some observers argue that women have made huge strides with the help of affirmative action. They now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982†(Blackwood, 1995). â€Å"Affirmative action was desinged to give qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with Whites† (Chappell, 1995). Equal opportunities for the blacks, for the most part, has remained more wishful-thinking than fact. Black students are continuing to struggle to seek an education, black business owners are still competing against their White counterparts, and black workers are experienceing an unemployment rate twice that of Whites and hold dead-end, labor-intensive, low-paying jobs. â€Å"Few can argue that racism is still rampant in awarding craontcts, jobs, and educational opportunities, eventhough it’s been proven benefical to have peop[le of different races with different ideas and different experiences working toward the same goal† (Chappell, 1995).

Of Mice & Men: Forced Isolation Essay

Everyone in their lifetime desires the comfort of a friend, but will settle for the attentive ear of a stranger. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck shows how lonely people were during the 1930’s. He teaches a grim lesson about the nature of human existence, and how the characters in the story had to admit at one time or another to having a profound sense of loneliness and isolation. Although each character had their own secluded troubles, Curley’s wife, Crooks, and Candy, suffered the most from loneliness. Curley’s wife is the only female character in the story who is never given a proper, and is only mentioned in reference to her husband. The men on the farm refer to her as a â€Å"tramp†, a â€Å"tart†, and a â€Å"looloo†, and she represents the temptation of female sexuality in a male-dominated world. Steinbeck depicts Curley’s wife not as a villain, but rather as a victim. Like the ranch-hands, she is desperately lonely and has broken dreams of a better life. For example, she tells Lennie, â€Å"I get lonely. You can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley.† (95) This shows how aware she is about Curley’s insecurity, which causes her to converse with the other men in secret. Curley expects his wife to do as he tells her at all times, and expects her to isolate herself from everyone else and to only talk to him. In addition, Curley’s wife also adds after discovering where Curley had gone too â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley?† (77) Curley’s wife despises the requirements and demands her husband has over her, fully knowing that Curley is unfaithful to her. Using this against her husband, Curley’s wife does the exact opposite of what he tells demands of her, and does as she wants whenever Curley isn’t around, and tries to have the guys understand that all she needs is a friend. Curley’s wife, being a woman, is expected to obey a man at all times, but since she is a free-spirited woman, she has hopes and dreams just like everyone else that she had to give up to spend the rest of her miserable life being isolated. Candy, the old swamper, is a lonely character because he is different from  everyone else and doesn’t really have anybody to call â€Å"friend†. For example, Candy tells George, â€Å"I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off, ‘cause I ain’t got no relatives nor nothing.† (59) Candy clearly says in this statement that he is desperate to not spend the rest of his life alone. He was willing to give George and Lennie his life savings to be a part of their American Dream, and clings to the idea of having the freedom to take up or set aside work as he chooses. In addition, Candy continues to persuade George, â€Å"When they can me here I wisht somebody’d shoot me. But they won’t do nothing like that. I won’t have no place to go, an’ I can’t get no more jobs.† (60) Candy compares himself to his old dog that was shot because he was no longer useful and the guys at the ranch didn’t want him to suffer anymore. He knows that he will get fired from his job soon, because he as well is getting very old and useless, and wished that once he does get fired, one of the men on the ranch will shoot him to put him out of his misery, because he will have no one left to spend his life with. Candy is a hard worker, however, he fears that he will be alone for the rest of his life and tries to do everything in his power to avoid that worrying obstacle. Crooks is a lively, sharp-witted, African American who takes his name from his crooked back. Like most of the characters in the story, he admits that he is awfully lonely. When Lennie visits him in his room, his reaction certainly reveals this fact. â€Å"’Why ain’t you wanted?’ Lennie asked. ‘Cause I’m black.’† (68) At first when Lennie visited Crooks, he turns Lennie away, hoping to prove a point that if he, as a black man, is not allowed in white men’s houses, then whites are not allowed in his. However, his desire for company ultimately wins out and he invites Lennie to sit with him. Like Curley’s wife, Crooks is a disempowered character who turns his vulnerability into a weapon to attack those who are even weaker. Crooks adds, â€Å"A guy sets alone here at night, maybe readin’ books or thinkin’ or stuff like that. Sometimes he gets thinkin’, an’ he got nothin’ to tell him what’s so an’ ain’t so. Maybe if he sees somethin’, he don’t know whether it’s right or not. He can turn to some other guy and ast him if he sees it too.† (73) Crooks as a black and handicapped man, is forced to live on the periphery of ranch life. He is not even allowed to enter the white men’s  bunkhouse, or join them in a game of cards. His resentment typically comes out through his bitter harsh intellect, but in this passage he displays a desolate, touching vulnerability. Crooks desire for a friend by whom to â€Å"measure† things echoes George’s earlier description of the life of a migrant worker. These characters each crave the reassurance of a friend at one time or another and are all rendered helpless by their isolation, and yet, even at their weakest, they seek to destroy those who are even weaker than they are. Because of this strong feeling of loneliness, it isn’t surprising that the promise of a farm of their own life filled with strong bonds holds such allure.

Most Influential Persons in History

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 1 The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History The cover of the 1992 edition. Author(s) Country Language Series Michael H. Hart United States English 1st Edition (1978) 2nd Edition (1992) History Non-Fiction Hart Publishing company 1978 1978 Print 9780806513508 644066940 [1] Subject(s) Genre(s) Publisher Publication date Published in English Media type ISBN OCLC Number The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by Michael H.Hart, reprinted in 1992 with revisions. It is a ranking of the 100 people who, according to Hart, most influenced human history. [2] The first person on Hart's list is the Prophet of Islam Muhammad. [3] Hart asserted that Muhammad was â€Å"supremely successful† in both the religious and secular realms. He also believed that Muhammad's role in the development of Islam was far more infl uential than Jesus' collaboration in the development of Christianity. He attributes the development of Christianity to St. Paul, who played a pivotal role in its dissemination.The 1992 revisions included the demotion of figures associated with Communism, such as Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, and the introduction of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart took sides in the Shakespearean authorship issue and substituted Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford for William Shakespeare. Hart also substituted Niels Bohr and Henri Becquerel with Ernest Rutherford, thus correcting an error in the first edition. Henry Ford was also promoted from the â€Å"Honorary Mentions† list, replacing Pablo Picasso. Finally, some of the rankings were re-ordered, although no one listed in the top ten changed position.Hart wrote another book in 1999, entitled A View from the Year 3000,[4] voiced in the perspective of a person from that future year and ranking the most influential people in history. Roughly half of th ose entries are fictional people from 2000–3000, but the remainder are actual people. These were taken mostly from the 1992 edition, with some re-ranking of order. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 2 Hart's Top 10 (from the 1992 edition) Rank Name Time Frame Image Occupation Influence The central human figure of Islam, regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God and the last messenger.Active as a social reformer, diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, military leader, humanitarian, philanthropist. English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. His law of universal gravitation and three laws of motion laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. The central figure of Christianity, revered by Christians as the Son of God and the incarnation of God. Also regarded as a major prophet in Islam. 1 Muhammad c. 570–632 Secular and religious leader 2 Isaac Newton 1643–1727 Scientist 3 Jes us Christ 7–2 BC – 26–36 AD Spiritual leader 4 Buddha 563–483 BCSpiritual leader Spiritual teacher and philosopher from ancient India. Founder of Buddhism and is also considered an Gautama Buddha in Hinduism. 5 Confucius 551–479 BC Philosopher Chinese thinker and social philosopher, founder of Confucianism, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese and Indonesian thought and life. 6 Paul of Tarsus 5–67 AD Christian apostle One of the most notable of early Christian missionaries, credited with proselytizing and spreading Christianity outside of Palestine (mainly to the Romans) and author of numerous letters of the New Testament of the Bible. Cai Lun 50–121 AD Political official in imperial China Widely regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking process. 8 Johannes Gutenberg 1398–1468 Inventor German printer who invented the mechanical printing press. 9 Christopher Colu mbus Albert Einstein 1451–1506 Explorer Italian navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages led to general European awareness of the American continents. German-born theoretical physicist, best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E  =  mc2. 0 1879–1955 Scientist The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History 3 References [1] http:/ / worldcat. org/ oclc/ 644066940 [2] Michael H. Hart The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. first published in 1978 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books? id=CUxmAAAAMAAJ), reprinted with minor revisions 1992 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books? id=jvbNRbDKY1wC). ISBN 978-0-8065-1068-2 [3] The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History (http:/ / physics. hallym. ac. r/ ~physics/ course/ a2u/ evolution/ img/ toptenlistweb. pdf) [4] Michael H. Hart. A view from the year 3000: a ranking of the 100 most influentia l persons of all time; first published in 1999 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books? id=8xEHAAAACAAJ& dq) External links †¢ Religious Affiliation of History's 100 Most Influential People (http://www. adherents. com/adh_influ. html) Article Sources and Contributors 4 Article Sources and Contributors The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? ldid=541009470   Contributors: *Kat*, 28bytes, 2A01:E35:2E17:73A0:655B:291D:6556:97AA, 2A01:E35:8B97:1660:1488:120F:F261:9756, 2D, Aatifwahab, Abunizam, Adeel IGIS, Admit-the-truth, Afro7, Ahsan99, Aizlumzan, Ajraddatz, Akudikiryu, Alansohn, Alhanief, Allens, Alvaro, AmRadioHed, Andrei S, Andycjp, Anonymous editor, Antiuser, Ashley P, Atemperman, Auximines, BD2412, Backpackadam, Badassmcgee, Badgerpatrol, Barrkel, Baseball Watcher, Bchaosf, Begoon, Bejesus, Ben Ram, Bender235, Benjamin Mako Hill, Bento00, Bigblue1892, Bigturtle, Bill Thayer, Billyjoekoepsel, Blaylockjam1 0, Bobo192, Bruce1ee, Brutannica, Bstbll, Btwied, Bucketsofg, Buddy christ2012, CL8, Callum20000005, CambridgeBayWeather, CanadianLinuxUser, CanisRufus, CapitalLetterBeginning, CardinalDan, Cflm001, ChicJanowicz, Chris Rocen, Chrislk02, Cigarette, Cindamuse, Ck lostsword, Cmdrjameson, Coredesat, Corvus cornix, Courcelles, Creation7689, Creekid12, Crotalus horridus, Cwlq, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DCNanney, DO'Neil, Dacoutts, Dali, DannyNemer, Darkwind, Davepape, David in DC, De728631, Dennis Brown, Deor, DerHexer, DerechoReguerraz, Destroyer470, Discospinster, DivF, Dndn91, Dningale, Doctorevil64, Downunder112, Dragons flight, Dreadstar, Drmaik, Dysmorodrepanis, E.Fokker, EAhmadNawaz, ERobson, ESkog, Ebe123, Edgarde, Endlessmike 888, Endofskull, EngineerFromVega, Engineerniaz, Enigmaman, Epbr123, Eraveling, Erikvanthienen, ErinHowarth, Esrever, Essjay, Etertingt, FCSundae, Fibonacci, Fish and karate, Flauto Dolce, Fluffernutter, Fram, Free-encyclopedia, FreplySpang, Gaff, Gaiusknight, Ga maliel, Garion96, Ged UK, Generalboss3, Geni, Georgia guy, Gfoley4, Gilliam, Gilo1969, Gimmemoretime, Godrocks1234, Goethean, Golbez, GoldenGlory84, Goodranch, GorillaWarfare, Gracenotes, GreatWhiteNortherner, GregAsche, Grenavitar, Grstain, Gwernol, Gyepi, HEL, HJ Mitchell, Haaqfun, Hamsterlopithecus, Hardouin, Helevorn, Hmains, Hmrox, Hmwith, HoodedMan, Hullaballoo Wolfowitz, IanManka, Imranbkazi, In fact, Info. dinesharyal, Intelligentsium, Intermediate-Hacker, J. elanoy, JGF Wilks, JW1805, JaGa, Jagged 85, Jahangirbijarani, Jaraalbe, Jeff5102, Jeffex5, Jennavecia, JimWae, Jjc2002, Jk2q3jrklse, Jlpspinto, JoanneB, Johnpennye, Jonathunder, Josh3580, Joshdboz, Jpgordon, JuneGloom07, Just zis Guy, you know? , Justinbhill, JzG, Keegan, Keptbriefly, Kingparkash93, Kinneyboy90, Kmorozov, KnightMove, KnowledgeOfSelf, Korossyl, Kowalmistrz, Krisos, Kross, Kumarrao, L Kensington, Lachiestitch, Lan-astaslem, LaszloWalrus, Latka, Leafyplant, Legionas, Light48, LightOnLight, LikeLakers2, Lil ac Soul, Little Mountain 5, Lopo, Lord Emsworth, Ltimur, Lukehodgso, Luna Santin, M48b, MC10, MR. MOTOWN, MRDXII, Mahmoudalrawi, Malmacmal, Marek69, MarkGallagher, Materialscientist, Matt Crypto, Matturn, Maurreen, MegaSloth, Mentifisto, Michael L.Kaufman, Michael Snow, Michael marks, Mike Rosoft, Mimiian, MinorExpectations, Misortie, Mjjlover, Monkey Bounce, Morbidthoughts, Moriori, Mpolo, Mrmaroon25, Mufka, Multiman dan, Myerholtzb2120, NGC 2736, Nae'blis, Nazaric, Nesiuc, Netalarm, Neutrality, NewEnglandYankee, News Historian, Niaz, Nightfury01, Noisy, Northumbrian, Nufy8, OSborn, Obamamaniac, Octavian 1977, Okorojude, OneGuy, OnePt618, Ordrestjean, PM800, Palmiro, Palpatine, Panos84, Peaceworld111, Pegship, Pharos, Philip Trueman, PhilipO, Piano non troppo, PierceG, Pm4564, Pobbard, Pol430, Polyamorph, Popcanc, Qmwne235, Quaerere, Quinsareth, QuiteUnusual, RA0808, RMHED, Racklever, RadioKirk, Rafiwiki, Raguks, Razishaban, Rbfbmac13, Reaper Eternal, RedWolf, Reddi, Reformation32, Reinyday, Renegade MUFC, Rich Farmbrough, Risker, Rj, Robin 1323, Rontrigger, Routeusual123, Roy da Vinci, Rubicon, Runehelmet, Ruud Koot, SIZIK, Saharknr, Sanajcs, Sannse, Satori Son, Sceptre, Seaphoto, Seb az86556, Seiji uz, Shaun ward, Siroxo, Slackergeneration, Solipsist, Someguy1221, SpaceFlight89, Steel1943, Strikerforce, Striver, Sven Manguard, Syedabdhahir, Syrthiss, TaerkastUA, Tanbircdq, Tariqabjotu, Tbhotch, Teddks, Tempodivalse, The Master of Mayhem, The-pessimist, TheWriter07, Therefore, Thomasmeeks, Thunderboltz, Tide rolls, Tired time, Titoxd, Toba4luv, Tothebarricades. k, Travelbird, TrebleSeven, Trilobitealive, Trusilver, Truthsurvives, Tylerelmolover, Uishaki, Ultimateremedy, Umeshghosh, UnicornTapestry, Ute in DC, Vali ace, VasilievVV, Vasupandian, Vedicdharmi, VeryVerily, VirtualDelight, Wantsgaxo, Waywardhorizons, Whosasking, Wiggles007, WikHead, Wiki alf, Wikipelli, Will Beback, Wiz9999, Wknight94, WookieInHeat, Worm That Turned, Wwoods, Xaosflux, Xrainville, Yaser PL, Ymasood, Zellfaze, Zenohockey, Zenyu, Zoicon5, Zujua, Ile flottante, ? 9531 ,502 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:Mohammad SAV. svg   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=File:Mohammad_SAV. svg   License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3. 0 Unported   Contributors: Nevit Dilmen (talk) File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689. jpg   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689. pg   License: Public Domain   Contributors: Algorithme, Beyond My Ken, Bjankuloski06en, Ecummenic, Grenavitar, Infrogmation, Kelson, Kilom691, Porao, Saperaud, Semnoz, Siebrand, Sparkit, Thomas Gun, Vonvon, Wikiklaas, Wknight94, Wst, Zaphod, 7 anonymous edits File:StJohnsAshfield StainedGlass GoodShepherd Face. jpg   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=File:StJohnsAshfield_StainedGlass_GoodShepherd_Face. jpg   License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3. 0   Con tributors: Stained glass: Alfred Handel, d. 1946, photo:Toby Hudson File:Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra). jpg   Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=File:Buddha_in_Sarnath_Museum_(Dhammajak_Mutra). jpg   License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3. 0   Contributors: . 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Poverty in South Africa Essay Essays

Poverty in South Africa Essay Essays Poverty in South Africa Essay Essay Poverty in South Africa Essay Essay Question 1 Growth and poverty are associated with improvements in the living standards and the welfare of the population. South Africa is ideally a good example of a country where records indicate that economic growth has translated improvements in the well-being of the majority of the population. Since its transition to democracy in 1994, the country has experienced economic growth. South Africa from 1995-2005 has experienced an average growth rate of approximately 3.4% indicating that there is an improvement in reducing the poverty level in the country. The incidence of poverty in South Africa has declined by 5% resulting in general robust regarding growth and development. The primary objective of the lawmakers is to create a better life for all people by establishing programs that strengthen grassroots organizations and enables them to provide affordable credit for small businesses. Therefore, this essay seeks to evaluate various strategies the government of South Africa has improvised to ad dress the issue of growth and poverty. Free essay on poverty in South Africa Jobs through Public Works The government of South Africa is ideally playing a significant role in building an economy which offers the people of South Africa an opportunity to contribute productively. All South African were given the opportunity to participate in the economic life of the country to alleviate poverty in the country. The creation of job opportunities specifically catered for youth and women so that to address the issue of unemployment in the country. The job creation ensured adequate incomes along with labor standards locally, regionally and internationally. The fact of the matter is that the government of South Africa created programs that helped to promote empowerment, education, training and community capacity to eradicate all forms of poverty in the country. This strategy is aimed at strengthening economic development, redistribution of income as well as socioeconomic opportunities for the poor. These jobs created a link towards building the economy of the country and repair environmental d amage while expanding as well as reconstructing industrial and agricultural base (Chossudovsky, Marshall, 2010, p.56).The country is a big player in the manufacturing and mining sector and the action plan through job creation in the industries has increased emphasis on macroeconomic reform to increase investment further. Therefore, the table below illustrates how the government has made significant progress in meeting the goals of economic growth, poverty reduction and job creation in the most household in the country. Social Security and Social Welfare The apartheid regime in South Africa contributed significantly towards the destruction of family and community life in several ways. Since then the government has transformed various programs aimed at improving the social welfare policies and ensuring the attainment of social developmental goals. The achievement of these basic social protection rights was established irrespective of color, race, religion and physical disability (Pempel, 2010, p.67).The government has focused on creating robust, balanced and dynamic economic policies to meet the basic needs of people in the country. For these systems to be achieved the state has established participatory, accountable and transparent policy-making procedures in both the private as well as government sectors for sustainable improvements in services and income. Through the monetary and fiscal policy, the government of South Africa aims to alleviate inequalities in income and wealth as well as expand productive opportunities so that to su pport small and micro enterprises. Utilization of capital remains a key factor in the government of South Africa to promote growth in production of goods which were previously imported. This policy has led to a significant contribution to foreign exchange earning thus addressing economic growth in the country. Therefore, the table below indicates the growth incidences over the past ten years regarding economic development. Sample essay on poverty Economic Liberalization The government has made significant progress in developing a plan for social transformation in the reconstruction and development program. This strategy ideally has helped the people of South Africa to acquire massive human resource development resulting of new attitudes towards work. The nation implemented the property rights which are the most important poverty reduction strategies. Securing property rights to land is vital to most societies in South Africa. The land is the most basic need for rural residents, and the apartheid policies pushed millions of black South African into overcrowded and improvised reserves. The introduction of the agrarian reform program by the government has enabled the citizens of South Africa to build the economy through rural developments. The program aimed at securing tenure for rural dwellers and strengthens the economy by generating large-scale employment, eliminating overcrowding and increasing rural incomes. Under this program, the government of S outh Africa has made it possible for the poor and disadvantaged people to buy and access land for residential as well as productive purposes to improve their livelihoods. The growth of local economies has helped to improve the quality of rural life. The development efforts by the government of South Africa have enabled the majority of small-scale farmers to create a functionally efficient, integrated as well as equitable distribution of resources in rural areas. The table below therefore gives a clear picture on how economic growth in South Africa has improved the living standards of people in both rural and urban areas. Industry, Trade, and Commerce Trade and industrial policy is ideally a solid strategy that the government of South Africa has integrated to address the growth and poverty in the country. Prudent implementation of monetary policies in particular increase in public sector investment, interest rates and gross investment in the industry resulting in productivity and foster innovation. The government has developed more cost-effective incentives schemes designed to improve performance and reduce the bias against small and medium-sized exporters. However, essentially, the government has employed the aspect of commercialization and privatization of companies to identify new economies sites of competitive advantage (Tran, 2012, p87).Central to such an endeavor, the government has increased engagements with regional and international trade as well as the development of social and economic infrastructure so that to bring more dynamic business environment. The government has made easier for the black people to access capital for business development. Additionally, the policies aim to empower women and youth by ensuring no discrimination occurs in financial institutions. The state and private companies also provide capital for the attainment of black economic empowerment objectives. From the national economy and economy policy standpoint, government agencies have provided infrastructure and skills to raise income and create healthier working conditions in small businesses. The table, therefore, illustrates the growth regarding revenues generated through the help of the government of South Africa from both state and private companies thus addressing the issue of poverty and growth.

Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness

Joseph Conrad’s story Heart of Darkness contains several prominent themes. The theme of dreams creates an atmosphere of ambiguity and mystery. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays the characters and plot as mysterious and â€Å"dark.† The theme of dreams in Heart Of Darkness increases the ambiguity of the novel while revealing depth and personal torment in the character Marlow. In the story, Dreams reveal Marlow in his youth. As a child, maps fascinated Marlow. He is especially entranced by the blank unexplored spaces. Marlow dreams â€Å"When I grow up, I will go there† (Conrad, 5), referring to â€Å"a white patch† on a map. Marlow actually completes his only articulated dream and explores these areas. The dream falls short of the reality. Marlow fulfilled his dream of exploring the â€Å"blank spaces,† however the reality of his experiences was extremely different from his childhood fantasies. Marlow gains valuable insight about the world and himself by fulfilling his goal and traveling to Africa. By describing Marlow’s childhood dreams, Conrad portrays Marlow as good, innocent, and pure. However, Marlow is innocent because he has not yet been exposed to the darkness. Marlow seems to relate the entire story as he would relate a dream. The story is complex and Marlow is unsure that he is being understood. â€Å"It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream- making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrad, 24). Marlow’s experiences seem ambiguous and unclear. His experience is as difficult to communicate as a dream. Marlow compares his journey to a dream, emphasizing the self-discovery and internal nature of his experience. Marlow states his general outlook on dreams; that the pa... Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s story Heart of Darkness contains several prominent themes. The theme of dreams creates an atmosphere of ambiguity and mystery. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays the characters and plot as mysterious and â€Å"dark.† The theme of dreams in Heart Of Darkness increases the ambiguity of the novel while revealing depth and personal torment in the character Marlow. In the story, Dreams reveal Marlow in his youth. As a child, maps fascinated Marlow. He is especially entranced by the blank unexplored spaces. Marlow dreams â€Å"When I grow up, I will go there† (Conrad, 5), referring to â€Å"a white patch† on a map. Marlow actually completes his only articulated dream and explores these areas. The dream falls short of the reality. Marlow fulfilled his dream of exploring the â€Å"blank spaces,† however the reality of his experiences was extremely different from his childhood fantasies. Marlow gains valuable insight about the world and himself by fulfilling his goal and traveling to Africa. By describing Marlow’s childhood dreams, Conrad portrays Marlow as good, innocent, and pure. However, Marlow is innocent because he has not yet been exposed to the darkness. Marlow seems to relate the entire story as he would relate a dream. The story is complex and Marlow is unsure that he is being understood. â€Å"It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream- making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrad, 24). Marlow’s experiences seem ambiguous and unclear. His experience is as difficult to communicate as a dream. Marlow compares his journey to a dream, emphasizing the self-discovery and internal nature of his experience. Marlow states his general outlook on dreams; that the pa...

Calculating Torque With Examples

Calculating Torque With Examples When studying how objects rotate, it quickly becomes necessary to figure out how a given force results in a change in the rotational motion. The tendency of a force to cause or change rotational motion is called torque, and its one of the most important concepts to understand in resolving rotational motion situations. The Meaning of Torque Torque (also called moment - mostly by engineers) is calculated by multiplying force and distance. The SI units of torque are newton-meters, or N*m (even though these units are the same as Joules, torque isnt work or energy, so should just be newton-meters). In calculations, torque is represented by the Greek letter tau: Ï„. Torque is a vector quantity, meaning it has both a direction and a magnitude. This is honestly one of the trickiest parts of working with torque because it is calculated using a vector product, which means you have to apply the right-hand rule. In this case, take your right hand and curl the fingers of your hand in the direction of rotation caused by the force. The thumb of your right hand now points in the direction of the torque vector. (This can occasionally feel slightly silly, as youre holding your hand up and pantomiming in order to figure out the result of a mathematical equation, but its the best way to visualize the direction of the vector.) The vector formula that yields the torque vector Ï„ is: Ï„ r Ãâ€" F The vector r is the position vector with respect to an origin on the axis of rotation (This axis is the Ï„ on the graphic). This is a vector with a magnitude of the distance from where the force is applied to the axis of rotation. It points from the axis of rotation toward the point where the force is applied. The magnitude of the vector is calculated based upon ÃŽ ¸, which is the angle difference between r and F, using the formula: Ï„ rFsin(ÃŽ ¸) Special Cases of Torque A couple of key points about the above equation, with some benchmark values of ÃŽ ¸: ÃŽ ¸ 0 ° (or 0 radians) - The force vector is pointing out in the same direction as r. As you might guess, this is a situation where the force will not cause any rotation around the axis ... and the mathematics bears this out. Since sin(0) 0, this situation results in Ï„ 0.ÃŽ ¸ 180 ° (or Ï€ radians) - This is a situation where the force vector points directly into r. Again, shoving toward the axis of rotation isnt going to cause any rotation either and, once again, the mathematics supports this intuition. Since sin(180 °) 0, the value of the torque is once again Ï„ 0.ÃŽ ¸ 90 ° (or Ï€/2 radians) - Here, the force vector is perpendicular to the position vector. This seems like the most effective way that you could push on the object to get an increase in rotation, but does the mathematics support this? Well, sin(90 °) 1, which is the maximum value that the sine function can reach, yielding a result of Ï„ rF. In other words, a force applied at any other angle would provide less torque than when it is applied at 90 degrees. The same argument as above applies to cases of ÃŽ ¸ -90 ° (or -Ï€/2 radians), but with a value of sin(-90 °) -1 resulting in the maximum torque in the opposite direction. Torque Example Lets consider an example where youre applying a vertical force downward, such as when trying to loosen the lug nuts on a flat tire by stepping on the lug wrench. In this situation, the ideal situation is to have the lug wrench perfectly horizontal, so that you can step on the end of it and get the maximum torque. Unfortunately, that doesnt work. Instead, the lug wrench fits onto the lug nuts so that it is at a 15% incline to the horizontal. The lug wrench is 0.60 m long until the end, where you apply your full weight of 900 N. What is the magnitude of the torque? What about direction?: Applying the lefty-loosey, righty-tighty rule, you will want to have the lug nut rotating to the left - counter-clockwise - in order to loosen it. Using your right hand and curling your fingers in the counter-clockwise direction, the thumb sticks out. So the direction of the torque is away from the tires ... which is also direction you want the lug nuts to ultimately go. To begin calculating the value of the torque, you have to realize that theres a slightly misleading point in the above set-up. (This is a common problem in these situations.) Note that the 15% mentioned above is the incline from the horizontal, but thats not the angle ÃŽ ¸. The angle between r and F has to be calculated. Theres a 15 ° incline from the horizontal plus a 90 ° distance from the horizontal to the downward force vector, resulting in a total of 105 ° as the value of ÃŽ ¸. Thats the only variable that requires set-up, so with that in place we just assign the other variable values: ÃŽ ¸ 105 °r 0.60 mF 900 N Ï„ rF sin(ÃŽ ¸) (0.60 m)(900 N)sin(105 °) 540 Ãâ€" 0.097 Nm 520 Nm Note that the above answer involved maintaining only two significant figures, so it is rounded. Torque and Angular Acceleration The above equations are particularly helpful when there is a single known force acting on an object, but there are many situations where a rotation can be caused by a force that cannot easily be measured (or perhaps many such forces). Here, the torque often isnt calculated directly, but can instead be calculated in reference to the total angular acceleration, ÃŽ ±, that the object undergoes. This relationship is given by the following equation: ÃŽ £Ãâ€ž - The net sum of all torque acting on the objectI - the moment of inertia, which represents the objects resistance to a change in angular velocityÃŽ ± - angular acceleration

American foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

American foreign policy - Essay Example heir own spheres of influence, thus playing a role in shaping the final outcome within the policy making process. Keeping in line with what Robert Divine had once remarked, â€Å"From the Revolution to the Cold War, Americans have been willing to fight for their interests, their beliefs, and their ambitions† (Divine, 1965, 172), there are clear evidences which suggest that the American foreign policies after the WWII, have roots in its domestic issues, concerns, and interests. Various researches on the subject of US international relations have distinguished 3 specific factors that appear to exert their influences on the foreign policies of the country, especially after the end of the WWII. ... Discussion The official goals of US foreign policies as stated by the government, are "to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community" (US department of state and U.S. Agency for International Development, 2007). While examining the factors that work towards achieving these goals, the first potent question that arises in one’s mind is the fundamental query as to â€Å"who governs?†(Dahl, 1961) This question has been the subject of many studies, related to American politics, and has given rise to many debates within the realms of international relations. The question in the arena of international relations relates to the general attributes of the so called ‘domestic roots’ that help to shape US foreign policies; the democratic aspects in the behaviour of US towards other countries, globally; and whether its national concerns and interests aid in shaping its foreign policies. By seeking an answer to the basic question as to which of these factors actually influence the US government officials the most, would help the reader to understand the determinants of the country’s foreign policies. In this context, we will first examine the 3 main factors considered to have a strong influence in the shaping of US foreign policies. Theories on the nature of the influence of public opinion: Median voter theory contends that the voter preferences for any government policy have a strong influence on the state officials, as these preferences often turn out to be the deciding factor during the electoral results. Various researches and the subsequent

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading Research Paper

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading - Research Paper Example The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word.   In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991).  The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the   heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of   the text, making   guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding   with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension.   The cognitive experts highlight the importance o f observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem recognition, and analysis in teaching reading.   They also train learners to identify levels of comprehension namely: literal, interpretative, applied and evaluative (Nunan, 1991). .   Thirdly, the Metacognitive Theory centers on training the reader to have control in executing his ability to interpret and comprehend the text.   In this theory,   meta-reading is   characterized by self-awareness, careful reading and greater retention.... Yes, there had been schooling in reading especially so among ancient civilizations, but these were most rudimentary and confined to the more precocious in knowledge and love of the written word. Only since the 1980s can there be claimed theoretical perspectives in teaching and their benefits still have to be widely and deeply felt by modern learners. Theoretical perspective There are three main theories in the turns and trends in scientific approaches to teaching reading. The first Traditional Theory has been practiced for ages. This theory is founded on the neuro-physiological process which gives importance to the textual material . The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word. In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991). The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of the text, making guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension. The cognitive experts highlight the importance of observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem

The freedom of the children and the sins of the fathers Essay

The freedom of the children and the sins of the fathers - Essay Example Given this dual nature, some good advice may generate bad results, and vice-versa. The point being that one truly never knows the outcome of what one does until one has done it, and given this uncertainty, one should hold individual freedom in a high regard, and furthermore, one should be cautious in the advice that one dispenses, because good intentions don't necessarily translate in good results. I think that Michael's father was thoroughly cautious in his advice. The essence of his message was of respect for free will, as well as of a warning at the entanglement of perspectives, ideas and half-truths that human interaction often consists of. A half truth is what happens not when one lies, but when one does not know the whole of the truth. And I believe that the nature of his advice implied that he knew more than his boisterous and passionate youth of a son. It's basically a matter of committed relativism. Maybe his father realized something that Michael could never have, being part of a younger generation, who never witnessed first-hand the horrors of Nazi Germany. Maybe his insight allowed him to fathom that maybe Hanna was seeking redemption trough punishment.

Western expansion and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Western expansion and development - Essay Example The immigrants from China faced a lot of discrimination upon arriving in the United States which was evident in the manner of treatment that they received in the mines. In 1850s, the U.S government limited the right of naturalization to the white immigrants only which made it difficult for Chinese immigrants to pursue independent livelihoods. The Missouri Compromise allowed for slavery to continue in the newly acquired states which meant that immigrants of African descent were to be treated as slaves and not as people who came in search for greener pastures. The Mexican War saw the expansion of the United States to parts of territories that initially belonged to Mexico. This made it easy for immigrants from Mexico to move to the country with most of them settling in the states of Texas and Oregon regions. The United States played a critical role in ending the Second World War. The nation initially tried to avoid entering the war even as pressure from the Britain mounted. They finally agreed to take part in it as it was seen as a threat to its security. During the Holocaust, the United States did not lower its tight stance on immigration and it is believed many Jews would have been saved if the laws were lessened to allow Jews immigrants into the country. The American Jewish community had undermined the impact of the Holocaust and they failed to consider advocating for the uplifting of more Jews from the affected areas. During the World War II period the American Jewish community was bitterly and deeply divided, and was unable to form a common front. Proponents of a Jewish state and Jewish army agitated, but many leaders were so fearful of an anti-Semitic backlash inside the U.S. that they demanded that all Jews keep a low public profile. The Bracero Program which was formed in the year 1942 saw the increase of immigrants from Mexico who mainly came into the United States to offer cheap labor. At the onset of World War II, the

Adaptive Supply Chain Co-Management manual Essay

Adaptive Supply Chain Co-Management manual - Essay Example Collaboration and competition have often been regarded as incompatible concepts especially as evolutionary biology became well-known in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was presumed that only the fittest can survive if those with the most desirable traits are naturally selected over those that did not possess these ideas. This mentality spilled over into business literature and led to the manifestation of certain laws such as the Sherman and Clayton Anti-trust Acts (Zeiltin, 2007). However, time illustrated that sometimes certain kinds of cooperation and competition did not necessarily have to replace each other as seen through the formation of professional associations, cartels and business groups. Individuals may participate in a cartel in order to enhance the quality of output or their safety; this may also be done for reasons of efficiency. Some forms of collaboration such as the inter-firm network came about due to rising complexities of organisations. However, they took relatively long periods of time before they came to be accepted as cultural norms; a lot of ambiguity exists on the need for collaboration or cooperation; all of it depends in the nature of acceptance in the concerned nation (Zeiltin, 2007). Businesses today have now moved from the anti-trust mindset of yester years; in fact, it is not uncommon to find some form of collaboration between competitors in almost all industries of the economy. New technologies are becoming more complex and require huge capital investment to develop; markets are getting more turbulent, and the time needed to deliver products to the market is also increasing. Additionally, time and geographical boundaries have shrunk thus indicating that operating business internationally is a critical factor. Government policies are not particularly favourable in conducting business and so are other issues within

Western expansion and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Western expansion and development - Essay Example The immigrants from China faced a lot of discrimination upon arriving in the United States which was evident in the manner of treatment that they received in the mines. In 1850s, the U.S government limited the right of naturalization to the white immigrants only which made it difficult for Chinese immigrants to pursue independent livelihoods. The Missouri Compromise allowed for slavery to continue in the newly acquired states which meant that immigrants of African descent were to be treated as slaves and not as people who came in search for greener pastures. The Mexican War saw the expansion of the United States to parts of territories that initially belonged to Mexico. This made it easy for immigrants from Mexico to move to the country with most of them settling in the states of Texas and Oregon regions. The United States played a critical role in ending the Second World War. The nation initially tried to avoid entering the war even as pressure from the Britain mounted. They finally agreed to take part in it as it was seen as a threat to its security. During the Holocaust, the United States did not lower its tight stance on immigration and it is believed many Jews would have been saved if the laws were lessened to allow Jews immigrants into the country. The American Jewish community had undermined the impact of the Holocaust and they failed to consider advocating for the uplifting of more Jews from the affected areas. During the World War II period the American Jewish community was bitterly and deeply divided, and was unable to form a common front. Proponents of a Jewish state and Jewish army agitated, but many leaders were so fearful of an anti-Semitic backlash inside the U.S. that they demanded that all Jews keep a low public profile. The Bracero Program which was formed in the year 1942 saw the increase of immigrants from Mexico who mainly came into the United States to offer cheap labor. At the onset of World War II, the

Summary of America's 1 percent problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary of America's 1 percent problem - Essay Example since they had numerous investments, they were able to recover pretty soon and were already enjoying the fruits of the additional income once the recession ended by 2010. Arguments have been made for and against this increase in the inequality gap and the consequences it is bound to elicit. The truth of the matter however remains and that is the fact that the rich are continuing to be rich hence owning almost everything in the country while the poor and now the middleclass are becoming poorer and poorer by the day and the government is only aggravating this through its cut throat policies meant to benefit the haves who are the minority. This trend will make the US lose its economic superpower position to other nations that actually care about the whole nation in such a way that they are trying ways to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor for future social and political stability and not only economic stability. America should borrow a leaf from some of these nations such as Brazil otherwise the near future presents only doom for the nation in

In Tim OBrien Essay Example for Free

In Tim OBrien Essay In Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† the author tries to humanize war by letting the reader know how absolutely difficult telling a war story is. He does this by giving many unsolicited pieces of advice about how to tell a true war story, but many of them directly contradict each other or do not make sense when compared side-by-side. In giving these pieces of advice, he is also telling war stories that either do or do not fit his own criteria. And yet, he humanizes the people involved in fighting this war by giving the reader these lessons. One great example of this is when he tells the story of Rat Kiley and Lemmons. O’Brien begins by telling the reader that â€Å"a true war story is never moral†(O’Brien). He continues with, â€Å"If at the end of a war story you feel uplifted, then you have been made the victim of a very old and terrible lie† (O’Brien). Then he tells us first the story of Rat Kiley writing this letter to the sister of his best friend who died. Kiley pours his heart out to this woman and she never writers back, and he has a derogatory comment about the sister. This certainly is not uplifting, but Rat Kiley has been humanized. The reader can somewhat imagine writing this letter and understands what it would take to write a letter like this, and then to have it unacknowledged. While O’Brien tells us almost nothing directly of the character of Rat Kiley, the reader learns mounds of information about his character nonetheless. O’Brien continues on to tell us about the death of Lemmons, and then he explains that even his own telling of the story is subjective. What he thinks he saw versus what might have actually happened are two different things. We didn’t know Lemmons, but again, we feel like we know something of his character from hearing this story. O’Brien is able to provide such beautiful or not so beautiful characterizations of these men without really telling the reader anything. But these men are humanized for us. They are not statistics in a war; they are real men. Another lesson O’Brien teaches is that â€Å"In a true war story, if there’s a moral at all, it’s like the thread that makes the cloth. You can’t tease it out. You can’t extract the meaning without unraveling the deeper meaning. † He tells us that true war stories do not generalize but they make us feel it in our stomachs. We can’t generalize to something simple like â€Å"War is hell. † He then tells us another story of Rat Kiley when he slowly slaughters the water buffalo. The reader is horrified, but also at some level understands why Rat Kiley did this. The water buffalo becomes a symbol of the breakdown during war itself. The incredible need for violence and retribution is strong. It is a horribly sad story of the slaughter of an animal. But based on what we already know about just what Rat Kiley has been through, we understand him on some gut level. War is hell, but it is also mystery and beauty. â€Å"Though it’s odd, you’re never more alive than when you’re almost dead. † The reader can understand this and understand the characters better because of it. These men are not monsters; they are just men. They are fighting a terrible war and are forced to do terrible things, but they are human. â€Å"At the hour of dusk you sit at your foxhole and look out on a wide river turning pinkish red, and at the mountains beyond, and although in the morning you must cross the river and go into the mountains and do terrible things and maybe, die, even so, you find yourself studying the fine colors on the river, you feel wonder and awe at the setting of the sun, and you are filled with a hard, aching love for how the world could be and always should be, but now is not† (O’Brien). This passage describes all men in war, and even though Rat Kiley has done terrible things, we understand a little bit about what he must be thinking. We understand how these men value their lives even more because of war. In O’Brien’s unique way, these men are truly humanized. By providing the reader with various instructions throughout the story about what a true war story isn’t and what a true war story is, these men are deeply humanized. The reader understands from Tim O’Brien that war is never as simple as it seems, and neither are the men who fight the war. He tells us horrible stories about these men, and yet, these stories help us to understand the men better. With the commentary O’Brien provides about how to write a true war story, the reader understands so many things. We understand that these â€Å"true† war stories may not even actually be true in the most common sense of the word. We understand that, no matter what, they are never simple. The lessons are never clear. They are not pretty, and if they are, they are not true. In other words, the characters of war are as complex as the reasons we fight wars. While it would be nice to have a tidy moral, there are none. At the bottom of it all are human lives. These men are not heroes and they are not monsters.

History Of What Is Crime Criminology Essay

History Of What Is Crime Criminology Essay What is crime. Many people when asked this question assume its a common sense answer, something that is seemed wrong or illegal and results in punishment of some form. However there is no simple answer to this question. According to the Oxford dictionary crime is defined as an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law, therefore in its simplest form crime is a punishable act of which breaks the rules of the law. However the concept of crime is surrounded by constantly changing ideas and perceptions of what constitutes criminal behaviour. Crime is always socially defined leading to competing views and extensive debate. In this essay I will be focusing on defining crime in terms of legal definitions and also defining crimes in terms of sociological definitions, which can be argued to be the main to focuses when attempting to answer this question. Blackburn (1993) defines crime as acts attracting legal punishment, [they] are offences against the community. Crimes result with consequences that are damaging in some way to the community or one of more people within it. These consequences can range from trivial to severe. Blackburn recognizes that crimes are, in theory, generally disapproved by the entire of society as they often involve violating moral rules held by those members of society, he also notes some of the difficulties and limitations of this way of defining crime. For example, personal opinion will impact the definition of crime. Not all crimes are disapproved by all people, e.g. speeding. This is a criminal act but does not have a wide-spread social disapproval. Secondly, whilst the vast majority of criminal acts such as murder violate societies moral rules, acts that are part of a bigger picture do not such as possession of a banned drug for personal use, these crimes can be termed victimless crimes. These crimes ar e illegal in the UK but there is not a clear understanding of which, if any, moral codes they violate. This leads me on to the question of whether crime, although its primarily defined by the law, is it not also based on social and cultural factors (social and cultural norms and values)? In our society it is the legal system that defines which acts are criminal and which are not. A crime cannot be committed unless the act violates the law. In the UK the legal system follows a tradition of a crime has not been committed unless there is a guilty act, an act that is voluntarily carried out with a guilty mind and an intention to commit the act. Therefore in theory if the act has not been intentionally chosen then it is not a crime. It can be argued that there is an assumption that criminal acts are systematically arranged in law; the law has been created, policed and enforced by the UK state. Crime in terms of the legal system is acts which break the law of the land, as demonstrated by the Oxford English Dictionary definition. The legal definition of crime is a very weighted argument, however many also argue that in order to define crime we rely on existing social and cultural norms which are accepted in society. The definition of crime is dependent on it as it effects our own interpretation of what crime is. Social and cultural factors are constantly evolving and changing. They are not static and this therefore makes them susceptible to changes which inevitably affect the definition of crime. For example, the 1604 Witchcraft Act. This law stated that those who had been accused of witchcraft were burnt at the stake if the cases were petty treason, however with the majority of cases resulting in hanging or a year in prison if the individual committed only a minor offence. This act was repealed in 1951 in Britain. However, a clear example of how social and cultural factors impact the law is the fact that in Africa, the witchcraft ban in Zimbabwe only ended in 2006. Therefore, on the one hand crimes are acts that break the law, and on the other, they are acts which can offend against a set of norms like a moral code, this is also known as the normative definition of crime. Cultures change and the political environment changes with that which means societies may criminalise or decriminalise certain behaviours. This will also have an impact on crime rates which will then also inevitably influence the general public opinion of crime. In the UK rape is a definite Invasion of our social norms, values and rights as an individual. Rape is not accepted in any case. However in South Africa a survey by CIET found that 60% of both boys and girls, aged 10 to 19 years old, thought it was not violent to force sex upon someone they knew, while around 11% of boys and 4% of girls admitted to forcing someone else to have sex with them. The study also found that 12.7% of the students believed in the virgin cleansing myth (an HIV/AIDS positive male believing that having sex with a virgin girl will cure him of his disease). In the culture these children have been socialised into, these are their own social norms and opinions that are accepted in their society, in the UK and in fact in the majority of other countries and cultures around the world this behaviour would be seen as illegal, horrific and completely wrong. A final impact on our norms and behaviour is religious traditions that may promote these norms. The may, in turn clash or fit with perceived interests of a state. Many socially accepted or even imposed religious morality has influences on issues that may otherwise only have concerned each individuals conscience. There are many activities that are sometimes criminalized on religious grounds, for example alcohol-consumption and abortion. However although these may be beliefs of certain religious followers, in societies where religion has less power and impact on the legal system both these acts are legal and widely accepted. So what a crime is depends on whether you view it from a legal or a normative perspective. There is no simple, fixed, objective definition of crime it is not a simple matter. Crimes are defined by societies and by culture and the time that we live in. For example, it would not have been a crime one hundred years ago to not pay your TV licence in the UK, because there was no TV. In Victorian pharmacies, cocaine was sold, but today this would be considered illegal in most countries. So what we view as a crime depends on how crime is viewed, time, particular society and the culture. Society is constantly evolving and changing along with social values, beliefs and norms. This process will inevitably have an impact on what constitutes a crime and how crime is in general defined. Although there are many problems with defining crime, this shouldnt overshadow the fact that the purpose of the law to reinforce the punishment of crime is clear, it is there to protect the public, this could in i tself contribute to defining crime.

Essay --

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The idea that the world is a global village did not strike me as true until my fifteenth birthday. My father gifted me a computer, and suddenly, the internet opened up a mine of information for a young boy who had been restricted to much localized until then. The computer and internet soon became indispensible for my school assignments, and my own idiosyncratic researches. When it came to selecting an area of Engineering for my undergraduate studies, the choice was clear: computer science. In my undergraduate studies, I benefited from the breadth of Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science (a pioneer college affiliated to Kakatiya University in India). The curriculum at KITS exposed me to the entire gamut of computer science courses thus laying a strong foundation for the fundamentals. During the first two years, I was fascinated by programming subjects such as C, OOPC and Data Structures. During my third year I also learned Java and Theory of Computation. During the fourth year, I was fascinated by subjects such as computer networks, network security and encryption algorithms like the International Data Encryption Algorithm. I also became involved with various extra-curricular activities such as organizing blood bank donations and playing Lawn-Tennis. This resulted in a slight dip in my grades, but I soon acquired the art of balancing the curricul ar with the extra-curricular, and graduated with 71.5% in distinction with first class. My main areas of interest are Computer Networks, Software Programming and Database Management Systems. As a part of my curriculum, we with a team of four members successfully completed a main project â€Å"Retrieval of Best Fit Component using Genetic Algorithm† frond end and... ...d new ways of doing things. The international education will give me the training and the calibre to meet the global clients. I look forward to being an active member of the student community at your University. Therefore, I truly feel that the most natural way to justify my passion is to persue a Master’s Degree in Computer Science. I would regard my admission in PSU not only a great honour but also as a great responsibility and an obligation to work hard. In conclusion, I would like to add that the essence of University education lies in the synergetic relationship between the student and his department. I feel that post graduate study at your University will be the most logical extension of my academic pursuits and a major step towards achieving my objectives. I would be grateful to you if I’m accorded the opportunity to pursue my master’s at your institution.

Hey There Delilah Chord

INTRO D, F#m, D, F#m VERSE 1 D F#m Hey there Delilah, What’s it like in New York City? D F#m I’m a thousand miles away, But girl tonight you look so pretty, Bm G A Bm Yes you do, Time Square can’t shine as bright as you, A I swear it’s true. D F#m Hey there Delilah, Don’t you worry about the distance, D F#m I’m right there if you get lonely, Give this song another listen, Bm G A Bm Close your eyes, Listen to my voice it’s my disguise, A I’m by your side. CHORUS D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, D What you do to me. VERSE 2 D F#m Hey there Delilah, I know times are getting hard, D F#m But just believe me girl some day, I'll pay the bills with this guitar, Bm G A Bm We'll have it good, We'll have the life we knew we would, A My word is good. D F#m Hey there Delilah, I’ve got so much left to say, D F#m If every simple song I wrote to you, Would take your breath away, Bm G A Bm I’d write it all, Even more in love with me you’d fall, A We’d have it all. CHORUS D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, Bridge G A A thousand miles seems pretty far, But they’ve got planes and trains and cars, D Bm I’d walk to you if I had no other way G A Our friends would all make fun of us, And we'll just laugh along because, D Bm We know that none of them have felt this way, G A Delilah I can promise you, That by the time that we get through, Bm A The world will never ever be the same, And you’re to blame. VERSE 3 D F#m Hey there Delilah you be good, And don’t you miss me, D F#m Two more years and you’ll be done with school, And I'll be making history, Bm G A Bm Like I do, You’ll know it's all because of you, G A Bm We can do whatever we want to, G A Bm A Hey there Delilah here's to you, This one’s for you. FINAL CHORUS D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, D Bm D Bm Oh it’s what you do to me, Oh it’s what you do to me, D What you do to me. Bm D Bm D Bm D Bm D D Ohhh

Flashy Flashers Essay

Flashy Flashers supplies approximately 95 auto parts stores with automotive electrical components. The firm values customer service but has recently had a problem with late orders. Jobs are scheduled by earliest due date, but the due dates are not updated in the system to reflect unexpected events such as scrap losses, shortages, urgent customer requests or shipment problems. The MRP system also cannot recognize capacity issues. This is causing problems on the shop floor as people are forced to work overtime to meet scheduled order receipts or there is not enough scheduled work to utilize employees. Analysis Review of the MRP explosion for headlamps and sidelamps, reveals that orders for 11 items will be released in week 1 (Char 1). Two of those orders must be expedited: flasher cable grommet and receptacle and flasher bulb each have 100 less in inventory than required for week 1. The planned receipt of subframe assemblies can be delayed until week 3. The released order schedule shows a very uneven workload over the coming weeks. Any urgent customer orders or delays impacting week 1 will most likely result in overtime. The MRP system has been effective for monitoring inventory but has not improved the utilization of labor. The system must be updated to reflect changes in scheduled receipts. The system should also be updated to include capacity limits. The shopfloor should identify bottleneck items and utilize downtime to increase safety stock of those items so that productions can proceed smoothly. Recommendation Since customer service is a company priority, safety stock of popular end products should be increased so that backorders and stockouts do not occur and urgent orders can be accommodated. References Krajewski, L., Ritzman, L., & Malhotra, M. (2013).Operations management: Processes and supply chains. (Tenth ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Jeannine Burk

September of 1939 was when Adolf Hitler’s evil Nazi army, invaded Poland and the war was declared. It was the month Jeannine was born, with no knowing of what was going on with the government and Germany’s crude and cold army. In May, 1940, the Germans swept across Western Europe and Brussels was occupied for the second time of the century. Rumors constantly rose about the Jewish nation getting â€Å"rounded up† and that is when Jeannine’s father (Isaac Rasalowicz) made plans to hide Jeannine and Jeannine’s sister (Augusta) and brother (Max).Her sister was bed ridden at the time, which made a difficult transaction. In 1942, Jeannine’s father boarded a train with her, to arrive at a Christian home on the outskirts of Brussels. As they arrived at their destination, the lady answered occupied by her two older daughters. This was the last time Jeannine saw her father and she kept hidden in the house for two years, without ever leaving (1942 †“ 1944). Being so young, Jeannine wanted to go outside and live a little, but because she was of Jewish decent, she could only play in the backyard.She did this alone as the two daughters were out of age range to properly enjoy any fun time with little Jeannine. She had to create imaginary friends and made little crafts, like handbags, out of newspaper clippings. Jeannine’s biggest fear was the Nazi army parading around the streets of Brussels. Jeannine stated, as you see them march on television, they used to march the exact same right outside of her hidden home. People had to keep their doors open and once this rule applied, Jeannine had to hide in the outhouse. It was a small structure made out of two by four plywood.As she hid, she used to peer through a crack that was created in the outhouse, and watch the world from there, while hiding in the outhouse Jeannine stumbled across a kitten that was oddly enough right outside the foot of the outhouse. This kept her sane for two years. Her father was later arrested by the Gestapo, at five o’clock in the morning. They woke up the neighbor and ran through the entire house, climbing over the wall to Jeannine’s house where the broke in and broke down her parents bedroom door. They grabbed her father by the arm as he screamed, and threw him in their cold, musty, truck.The officer then grabbed Jeannine’s bed ridden sister, and as they did this their mother (Sarah Bluman Rafalowicz) screamed after them: â€Å"You can shoot me. You can shoot me right here. But I am not leaving my daughter. She is very sick with a disease. (This sickness was never spoken of). As the officer saw Jeannine’s sister lying there, he tore the covers off of her, exposing her Jewish body wrapped up in a cold, white cast. The officer told Sarah they’d be back for her later, and in the time of them being gone, she contacted the Catholic Hospital and they sent an ambulance for her sister, shortly after placing her in the Isolation ward.Jeannine’s brother was also rescued by Christians. He was in a Christian home, for boys only, and he stayed there for the duration of the war and after the war. When the liberation was complete, he had found his way home, while Sarah was still hidden. Her mother had gotten away by saying that she was not Jewish, and escaped easy at this because most of the S. S blandly looked for dark olive eyes and hooked noses. Sarah had blond hair, and blue eyes. She got a job and it was pre-arranged that she would be a nurse’s assistant or a practical nurse in the nursing home.The Nazi’s were afraid of entering the Isolation ward as they were so selfishly, scared of getting sick from disease. Max had then found the family and was 12 years senior by the time they saw him again, also being married at a very early age. As they waited for her father, weeks went by until they found out that he had been exterminated in Auschwitz. In 1986, Jeannine moved to New Orleans in 1986. She was a mother with six children and she still had fantasies that her father was alive. Later on, still being 1986, there was a gathering of survivors in Philadelphia and a nice group from New Orleans went.Jeannine, her sister and her brother all attended, and the gathering took place in a big hall. There were mostly Polish survivors. Some were French. Most would state their ethnicity. The arrived a large table, where the Germans had meticulously recorded every Jewish citizen that was deported and every city in that country. Jeannine spotted her fathers name, and under it was when he was deported and when they were set free. Jeannine’s father had the listing of when he was deported, but never when he was set free.This is when she realized, her father really was dead. After the war, she did not observe religion for a long time. She never denied she was Jewish. She just stopped believing. She stopped believing, because she questioned how God wou ld allow such a genocide to occur. How God could have allowed what happened to her father, or the rest of the six million people, half a million being children. To this Day, Jeannine Burk does not forgive the German nation. Jeannine still resided in New Orleans by 1971, with her husband and six children.

Landfills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Landfills - Essay Example This paper includes the history and development of property type of landfills in Australia. The story of how the Australian comes up with this method is also discussed in this paper. The development and application of various methods for this property type is also described. This paper shows the comparison of landfills in Australia with other countries such as the USA, Canada and New Zealand. Graphs and tables are included in this study as your reference about landfills in Australia. The management of wastes is an important environmental issue. Some wastes are toxic and can harm living organisms and their disposal is of particular importance. Other wastes, while not directly toxic, can physically harm the environment. Effective maintenance of waste can help us a lot. Landfills were introduced in England in 1912. It was formerly called as the Controlled Tipping and involves natural fermentation brought about by microorganisms. Waste materials or refuse are deposited in shallow layer, compacted and covered within 24 hours with earth or other chemically inert material from an effective seal. (Britannica, 2006). United States of America and New Zealand are among the countries that use landfills and experienced controversy in using landfills as waste management. Below are some details about the history and development of landfills in both countries. United States of America At the end of World War II, urban growth accelerated. With this growth came increased refuse generation. The impacts of open-burning dumps on public health became a concern. Experience in the military with sanitary fill methods and the interests by some local governments in eliminating open dumps led to increased efforts to dispose of refuse in a sanitary manner, but what prescribed a sanitary manner was unknown. Many local governments that bragged about using the "sanitary landfill" method were actually using modified open dumps. The landfill in 1940 was described in a report prepared by the Sanitary Engineering Research Project of the University of California in 1952.1 The landfill studied in 1949 was described as a refuse dropped and spread out over a large to allow scavengers easy access. At the end of day pigs were allowed on the spread-out refuse for overnight feeding. It is in this year that the landfills made their appearance. Most of the landfills were located on former wetlands. This 1 Sanitary Engineering Research Project. "An Analysis of Refuse Collection and Sanitary Landfill Disposal." practice does not take long and was subjected to change because of obvious reasons. Open burning of refuse created air pollution. Allowing the pig to eat raw garbage was not a sanitary . During this time there were no minimum requirements set as to what constituted a sanitary landfill. Like the landfills in Australia, most of the landfills in USA where also subjected to closure because of the following reasons; it can cause air pollution, the leak is unsafe for the residents that surrounds the area, groundwater contamination and others that affect the health of the people. The commitment of the US Public Health Service (USPHS) to provide national leadership to eliminate open-burning dumps and replace them with sanitary landfills also served as the basis for a broader national strategy to improve the management

Puerto Rican Beliefs and Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Puerto Rican Beliefs and Practices - Essay Example Discussion Initially, few Puerto Ricans migrated to the United States at all. Even though the United States attempted to enhance Puerto Rico as a splendid visitor destination center during the twentieth century, the land experienced adverse economic challenges. Poverty was enormous, and few Puerto Ricans could afford boat travels to the homeland (Melton & Baumann, 2010). By 1910, less than two thousand Puerto Ricans lived in the United States, mostly marginal groups in the NY City and about 20 years later, the population shot up to more than forty thousand people. Following the termination of World War II, however, the movement of the Puerto Rican population exploded. For instance, in 1945, about thirteen thousand Puerto Ricans lived in the City of New York, and by 1967, the population was over fifty thousand people. In the following decades, about twenty five thousand Puerto Ricans would migrate to the United States annually, peaking in 1954, when over sixty nine thousand immigrants came, compared to previous years. In 1956, almost seven hundred thousand Puerto Ricans settled in the United State, and by 1960s over million people had settled (Dietz, 2006). Currently, the Puerto Rican migration trends are changing, and more people are migrating to and out of the United States to other destinations. Various reasons promoted the sudden population influx in US. For instance, the constant Puerto Rico depression created a desire for a new start, and factory owners and agencies of employment in the United States had started heavy recruitment of Puerto Ricans. The main crucial cause was the availability of cheap air travel after many years of boat travel. In addition, Puerto Rican militants (men) were recruited to the US military to participate in war – some participated and perished in the battlefield. Some people migrated to offer cheap labor since the US had minimized the percentage of migrants’ entry in the country. Cultural Information About Puerto R ico Based on the Six Cultural Phenomena Puerto Rico has colorful culture and the society represents a combination of diverse races, traditions, dialects and religions. Their culture plays a crucial role in environmental control and exploitation of natural resources. Puerto Rican land forest is an integration of natural and native plants (Galvan, 2009). Additionally, the composition of mosaic forest presents management problems that need vision and comprehension of the culture. Their cultural practices and plans show how people identify and preserve their ecosystem and landscapes. Cultural subsistence practices such as agriculture identify threats to the environment and health ecosystems, and tailor strategies that eliminate such threats. Traditional cultural practices and rituals related to the environment provide mechanisms to conserve and promote environmental quality and quantity. They also improve the quality of air, preserve energy sources, safeguard, secure and promote wildlif e and aquatic habitats and connect humans to tree and land and enroll them in environmental conservation practices. Biological variation of the Puerto Rican group is crucial in determining their health and survival mechanisms. Biological variations or diversities are various manifestation of normalcy that occurs among